Lucio Souza Goncalves, Fabio Vidal, Rodrigo Carvalho de Sousa, Amanda Rachel Coelho Ferreira, Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira

Estacio de Sa University

Abstract

Objective. To estimate the effect of HIV-1-infection (HIV-1-i) on the diagnosis of periodontitis and the periodontal clinical parameters.

Methods. Two hundred and seven individuals receiving treatment at the School of Dentistry, Estacio de Sa University, were recruited: 74 HIV-1-infected and 133 non-HIV-1- infected. One hundred and ten had periodontitis and 97 did not. The effect of "HIV-1-i" on the diagnosis of periodontitis (0 = "no" and 1 = "yes") and periodontal clinical parameters [BOP (0 = "<10%" and 1 = "2: 10%", PPD (0 = ":5 3 mm" and 1 = "> 3 mm") and CAL (0 =":5 2 mm" and 1 = "> 2 mm") were estimated using binary logistic regression models. 

Results. All HIV-1-infected patients were on HAART and most had HIV-1 plasmatic viral load range 0 -1000 copies/ml [n = 21 (58.3%)]. T CD4 lymphocytes range 200-400 cells/mm3 was observed in 47.5% (n = 19) of HIV-1-infected individuals. The univariate logistic regression (unadjusted), "HIV-1-i" did not show a significant effect on the diagnosis of periodontitis. The variables "HIV-1-i" (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.47-6.00) and "age" [range 36-50 years old (OR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.71-6.72); > 50 years old (OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 1.75 - 13.29)] showed an effect on the "BOP" outcome in the multivariable regression model (adjusted). The "CAL" outcome was not impacted by the "HIV-1-i" variable. The variables "smoking" (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.29 - 7.03) and "age" [range 36- 50 years old (OR = 5.45, 95% CI: 1.72-17.30) had a direct effect on "PBS", while "HIV-1-i" presented an inverse effect (OR = 0.055; 95% CI: 0.12-0.25).

Conclusion. HIV-1-infection does not affect the diagnosis of periodontitis. Regarding periodontal clinical parameters, HIV-1-infection demonstrates a direct effect on BOP and an inverse effect on PPD, but not on CAL.